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In a number of European countries dedicated woody bioenergy crops are being grown on short-rotations of three to four years, primarily because of the multiple environmental,rural development, and social benefits associated with their production and use. The introduction of dedicated crops for bioenergy will raise issues around appropriate land use and the limited competitiveness of energy crops compared to food crops. The development of a bioenergy industry in New Zealand will involve the exploring of new biomass feedstocks, designing new technologies to convert biomass to biofuels, and developing the infrastructure to support the use of bioenergy and biofuels. New Zealand and the world need alternative renewable energy sources.
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Bioenergy and biofuels are topical issues. Technologies have been developed to process a wide range of biomass sources such as plants, oils, and waste gas from landfills, into a variety of forms and uses. Internationally we are becoming more sophisticated in our use of bioenergy.
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Bioenergy crops are renewable and remove as much carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as they contribute as a fuel, in contrast to mined oil.īioenergy is an international response to global warming from rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels sourced primarily from the use of fossil fuels. Why return to bioenergy again?īioenergy,or biomass energy, is the use of plants and other biologically derived materials as a source of energy. However horse manure never added to the global atmospheric carbon dioxide. The point is, of course, that transport has always come at a cost and has always created pollution, whether the fuel was oil or bioenergy. The majority of horse manure was not recycled by farms but rotted on the streets, eventually entering sewers and contaminating natural water sources and contributing to outbreaks of typhoid fever. Dried horse droppings produced noxious dust particles, and the manure that did not dry attracted flies which helped transfer diseases to humans. The ecological costs of using horses for transport were reflected in the diseases caused by the huge volume of waste that horses generate. Short rotation coppice willow at Rotokawa in the first growing season. In the United States, crops for horses took up 36 million hectares of arable land.
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Since the available land in Britain was only 26 million hectares, the only way that Britain could sustain its horse population in 1900 was by cheap imports, since the arable land was needed to feed its human population. In 1900 Britain’s 3.5 million horses consumed the annual output of six million hectares, town horses alone consumed up to two million tons of oats and over three million tons of hay. Horses needed biofuel in the form of oats and hay. Before the invention of the steam engine and internal combustion engine society was dependent on horsepower of a different kind − the real horsepower. Specialty Wood Products Partnership reportsīioenergy is not new.Forest Practice Guides and Codes of Practice.Facts and Figures - NZ Plantation Forest Industry.Resource Catalogue ↓ ↑ Resource Catalogue.People and Places ↓ ↑ People and Places.
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